Bioequivalence & Bioavailability
نویسنده
چکیده
Breast cancer is the most fatal form of cancer for female population worldwide. National Cancer Institute (NCI) estimates 226,870 females and 2,190 males to be diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States by the end of 2012. The estimated death toll for this year includes 39,510 females and 410 males, as reported by NCI. Statistics state that 1 in every 8 females will be diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime. These alarming numbers have provoked a large number of scientists to contribute towards the fight against breast cancer. Today there are various tools available for females to protect them from breast cancer. Mammography serves as an efficient tool in screening and catching such cases early enough for improved treatment, while surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy provide a strong line of treatment to breast cancer patients. Cancer patients are often subjected to a combination of such therapies, leading to cumulative adverse effects accompanied with the treatment. Addressing the growing number of breast cancer cases, the adverse effects associated with current therapies and the risk of having a relapse after undergoing extensive conventional therapy, researchers are now looking forward for a breast cancer vaccine [1-3].
منابع مشابه
Bioequivalence and Bioavailability Clinical Trials: A Status Report from the National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov Registry
Drug development is an expensive process that is marked by a high-failure rate. For this reason early stage bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies are essential in determining the fate of new drug products. In this study, we sought to systematically assess the current trends of ongoing and recently completed bioequivalence and bioavailability trials that have been registered within a nation...
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The purpose of this study was to determine if different methods for average bioequivalence in high variability drugs coincide or not in their conclusions when applied to the same dataset, and to discuss the method validity and reliability of the conclusions. Different approaches for the evaluation of average bioequivalence were applied to the results of a bioavailability trial on the diuretic d...
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For approval of generic drug products, bioequivalence testing is considered as a surrogate for clinical evaluation of the therapeutic equivalence of drug products based on the Fundamental Bioequivalence Assumption that when two drug products (e.g., a brand-name drug and its generic copy) are equivalent in bioavailability, they will reach the same therapeutic effect. Although bioavailability for...
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The pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported ranitidine hydrochloride tablets (Ranitidine, formulated and manufactured by Kharazmi Pharmaceuticals, Iran, and Zantac ? manufactured by Glaxo, UK) were measured in 14 healthy subjects following oral administration of a single 300-mg dose of each brand and compared for bioequivalence evaluation. The pharmaceutical equivalency of both fo...
متن کاملAre the current bioequivalence standards sufficient for the acceptance of narrow therapeutic index drugs? Utilization of a computer simulated warfarin bioequivalence model.
PURPOSE The purpose of this computer simulation was to determine the likelihood of two bioequivalent (vs. reference) generic warfarin formulations (with varying bioavailability) passing current bioequivalence criteria against each other at varying bioavailability. Methods. A bioequivalence simulation program generated 100 warfarin bioequivalence (BE) studies with 24 patients/study. The referenc...
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Additional Notes This note for guidance concerns the application of Part 4, section E of the Annex to Directive 75/318/EEC as amended and Article 4,2 point 8 of Directive 65/65/EEC as amended with a view to the granting of a marketing authorisation for a medicinal product. It defines when bioavailability or bioequivalence studies are necessary for immediate release products with a systemic effe...
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